14 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ᠂ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠢᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ︾ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ ᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠲᠤ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠦᠵᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠴᠤ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠳ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠥᠴᠥᠭᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃
︽ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠴᠠᠬ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ︾ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠯᠠᠢᠫᠼᠢᠭ᠌ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠢ ᠮᠠᠺᠰ ᠫᠯᠠᠨᠺ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠨᠲᠷᠣᠫᠣᠯᠣᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠷᠣᠹᠧᠰᠰᠣᠷ ᠶᠤᠬᠠᠨᠨᠧᠰ ᠺᠷᠠᠤᠽᠸ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠄ ᠪᠢᠳᠡ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠭᠰᠣᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠥᠷ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠨᠭᠬᠢ ᠸᠢᠷᠦ᠋ᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠯᠠ︾ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃
ᠥᠨᠥᠳᠥᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠢᠷᠭᠢᠽᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠬ᠂ ᠢᠰᠰᠠᠢᠺ ᠺᠦᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠳᠠᠭ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ 1248-1345 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠦᠡᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡ 467 ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 118 ᠨᠢ 1338-1339 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠦᠡᠳᠦ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠢᠷᠢᠶᠠᠺ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ︾ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠶᠢᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠱᠣᠲᠯᠠᠨᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠲᠷᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠦᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠴᠢ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠣᠺᠲ᠋ᠣᠷ ᠹᠢᠯᠢᠫ ᠰᠯᠠᠸᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠳ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠰᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠰᠢᠳᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠧᠷᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠲᠡᠨ ᠳᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠧᠨᠧᠲ᠋ᠢᠻ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨYersinia pestis ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠺᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠣᠯᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠻᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠧᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠰᠰᠠᠢᠺ ᠺᠦᠯ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠰᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ︾ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠦᠠ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠡ᠃
1346-1353 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠦᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠦᠬᠦᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠂ ᠠᠽᠢᠶᠠ᠂ ᠠᠹᠷᠢᠺᠠ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ 75-200 ᠰᠠᠶᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠢ᠃ ᠡᠸᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠫᠡ ᠲᠢᠪ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠦᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠠᠬᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠠᠮᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃
