Mongolia has been ranked as one of 36 high-water-risk countries in the world.

Groundwater is the main water source of drinking and industrial water in Mongolia. Important economy sectors heavily rely on groundwater sources in Mongolia, particularly in Gobi desert. Mongolia has over 70 million heads of livestock outnumbered population of 3 million people. South Gobi, home to the mega-mining projects.

Despite its vast expanse of land and natural resources, Mongolia has been facing a severe shortage of water since 2014. Hundreds of Mongolian lakes have dried up in recent years, and much of the southern land has experienced desertification.  A 2015 report from Chuo Gakuin University indicated that water will run out in Mongolia by 2030.

The remaining water sources are concentrated in northern Mongolia, leaving people in central and southern Mongolia unable to easily access water. Citizens of these areas must rely on groundwater to combat the issue of water scarcity.