According to the World Health Organization, Mongolia has the world’s highest rate of liver cancer, as well as the highest mortality rate from the disease. Each year, liver cancer and liver cirrhosis account for 15% of all deaths. Chronic hepatitis is the most common risk factor in developing liver cancer, and 400,000 of Mongolia’s 3 million citizens are diagnosed with a hepatitis virus.

But the government is waking up to the health crisis, pouring significant money into screening and treatment in an attempt to reduce cases of liver cancer. By 2020, ministers want to eliminate hepatitis C and significantly reduce liver cancer and cirrhosis deaths.

Last year, parliament ploughed 23.4bn Mongolian tugrik (USD 10 million) into the country’s health insurance scheme to subsidise hepatitis medicine. This year, the government allocated MNT 226bn for screening and treatment until 2020. This money also covers free hepatitis testing for those between the ages of 40 and 60, who make up the bulk of liver cancer patients. This will be extended to a younger cohort in 2018.

This cash injection will reduce patient costs drastically. After subsidies, patients pay between USD3 and USD13 for hepatitis B medicine, and between USD 65 and USD 215 for hepatitis C medicine. Before subsidies were introduced, medicines could cost thousands of dollars.

The National Cancer Centre, a busy hospital where Mongolians from all over the country come for diagnosis and treatment, performs 450 liver surgeries a year. This year, it will start performing liver transplants. Dr Chinburen Jigjidsuren, the centre’s general director, says in the past two years approximately 160 Mongolians have travelled overseas for transplants. He hopes more people will now stay in-country for surgery. About 70 people are on the government waiting list for a liver transplant. But a major factor in reducing liver cancer deaths is early diagnosis. Many Mongolians are not diagnosed until they are late-stage and inoperable.